Ideas, formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims.

Produce metadata, scrub data and maintain research data for initial use and later re-use.

Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze data.

Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication.

Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the data collection.

Development or design of methodology; creation of models.

Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution.

Provision of study materials, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools.

Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms.

Oversight for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to the core team.

Replication of results and other research outputs.

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically data presentation.

Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft.

Critical review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages.